Semantics-
 meanings


Pragmatics-
  implied meaning


Denotation-
literal meaning


Connotation-
  words/meanings


Figurative Language-
      language that uses a metaphor


Metaphor-
  comparison (is)


Mentonym-
            where the attribute of a subject stands for something else


Simile-
       comparison (as, like)


Pathetic Fallacy-
       where the weather reflects the mood


Imagery
           creating pictures in the reader's mind


Personification-
        giving an object human qualities/attributes


Synonym-
         words that mean the same thing (Start-Go)


Antonym-
          opposite words (Start-Finish)


Intensifier-
    particular type of adverb


Determiner-
     indicate quality or identify the noun 
    (one, two, three etc)



Metalinguistics-
 words we use to describe words
 i.e nouns



Creole-
    a new hybrid language


Diachronic Variation-
    change in language over time
    (Gay Gay Gay)


Synchronic Variation-
       change in language at one time-different 
       uses by different people


Text
-
  anything you can read


Archaic-
           language features that are no longer in use


Context-
     time and place surrounding a text


Irony
-
        saying or writing the opposite of what is actually meant


Dramatic Irony-
         when something is said and has a deeper meaning or significance


Pun- 
      humorous play on words that depends on a word or phrase having a double meaning


Oxymoron-
          contradicting words or phrases brought together


Emotive language- 
          language that is intended to produce an emotional response i.e heartwarming


Taboo language-
             words that are avoided because they are considered offensive, embarrassing, obscene or unpleasant


Bathos-
comedy derived from the serious then turned into the ridiculous i.e Scary Movie


Repetition-
occurs when a word or phrase is repeated


Anaphoric Reference-
when a word or phrase refers to something earlier in the text-often uses pronouns


Cataphoric Reference-
when the text refers to something forward


Exothoric Reference-
these are references to the wider situation or context to things outside the text


Intertexual Reference-
when a text makes an implied explicit reference to another text


Satire-
a text, which illustrates something ludicrous by use of exaggeration.
This is normally over something political.
i.e A Modest Proposal expressing the unfairness of the English ruling the Irish, disease spread and a increased amount of people died resulting in rumours of cannibalism.



Parody-
a usually humorous imitation of a text or a situation for comic effect or to ridicule it


Ideology-
a set of beliefs, ideas etc 


Diadactic-
form in which you speak


Genre-
type/category of a text
Travelogue for set texts



Form-
way in which the text is structured


Conventions-
features in the text
i.e film noir = femme fatale


Parenthesis-
a pair of signs to mark off a bit of a sentence, separating it from the syntactic structure but not affecting the sentence as a whole.
Ex. William Smith- you must know him- is coming tonight.



Typology-
classification according to a general type


Pentameters-
a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet


Paradox-
an opinion or statement contrary to commonly accepted opinion


Juxtaposition-
an act or instance of placing close together or side by side esp. for comparison or contrast


Enjambement-
the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause


Hyperbole-
an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity.”